Decorating glass surfaces.



K, WARGA.

DECORATING GLASS SURFACES.

APPLECATION FILED AUG.16. 19m RENEWED MAY 11,1918.

1 283,606. E Patented Ym. 5, 1918 Fig.1

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- UNITED STATES PATERT OFFICE.

KALMAN WARGA, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO AMERICAN LITHOGRAPHIC .COMPANY, OF NEW YORK,

N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

DECORATIN G GLASS SURFACES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 5, 1918.

Application filed Au usns, 1916, Serial no. 115,195. Renewed May 11, 1918. Serial No. 234,019.

To all whom it may concern: Be it known that I, KALMAN WARGA, a

. citizen of the United States, and a resident of the borough of Brooklyn, city of New York, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Improved Process for Decorating Glass Surfaces, of which the following is a' specification.

This invention relates to a process for decorating glass surfaces and has for its object to furnish aprocess of the class specified wherein a plurality of colors or a plu rality of characters of design, or both, may be applied to and incorporated with the bodies of-glass objects by fusing them thereon in a single fusing operation, without distorting, blistering or clouding either the glass object or'the design.

With these objects'in view I proceed as follows in carrying out my improved process.

Heretofore, in applying by fusing, de-

signs,- lettering or the like to glass objects it usually has been considered necessary to fuse each color separately and so build up the multicolor design on the glass by successive firings, an obviously laborious and expensive process. I am aware, however, that it has been proposed to apply a plurality of colors at one time and fix in one firin but by any process known to me this has een an exceedingly precarious process and productive of too high a percentage of proved process.

failures to permit the commercial value.

In processes of this general class, while it is possible to apply the color films directly to the object to be decorated, it is preferable and customary-to prepare the design upon decalcomania paper, transfer the design in the usual way therefrom to the surface of the glass and then fix by firing.

I preferably follow this general practice in my improved process, employing mineral colors of known constituents but mixing them with the flux in proportions peculiar to my process and with a definite object presently to be pointed out.

The design may be conveniently applied to process to become of the decalcomania paper by some well known printin process, raphy. e size of procured by mixing parts; balsam of fir .3 parts, and soft flux'l belng approximate. Proper mixing of these 'ables me glass are greatly part, the proportions ingredients may be attained by heating them together in a' water-jacketed container, the water being brought to the boiling point and so maintained until the mixture attains a syrupy consistency when it is cooled and ready for use.

All of the ingredients of the size, of which I have described the method of preparation, which would interfere in any way with the incorporation of the coloring matter with the body of the glass object are of such low carbonizing points as to be driven off or consumed before actual fusion of the color begins, while they m. y freely escape. from their connection with the color. This obviates the formation of gases in the color after it begins fusing and prevents all blistering and clouding of the color. Also the fact that said size is nonsolub-le in water ento utilize the ordinary decalcomania process and to wash ofi with water any gum remainingon the design after stripping the deca'lcomania paper therefrom.

The soft flux employed is of known character in the art and may be prepared for use b being moistened with water, heated to a out 300 degrees centigrade and then ground to a fine powder.

In the drawing accompanying this specification Figure 1 is a cross'sectional view of a sheet of decalcomania paper bearing a design prepared in accordance with my im- Fig. 2 1s a slmllar sectional view showing the design applied to the glass object. In both views thethicknesses of the several films of color and of the paper and exaggerated.

or purposes of illustration let it be assumed that we wish to produce a three color design on the glass-object. The design for the first color is laid upon the stone in the size above described and printed upon the gummed face 5 of the deca'lcomania paper 4; when the paper is taken from the press the desired first color, 1, in powdered form is dusted upon the face of the paper and so much of the powdered color as covers the sized parts adheres thereto while the rest may be-readily removed by a soft brush. The process of printing in size for the second color is then performed over this first color on the paper and that second color, 2, is then dusted upon the face of the paper and the surplus portion removed by a soft brush as already described in connectionwith the first color. The third printing in size is then performed and the third color, 3, dusted on and the surplus removed. It will be understood that the decalcomania paper is suitably dried after each printing before the succeeding coat of size is applied.

The powdered fiux, a small portion of which is used in the size, is also mixed with the glass colors in which the design is to be produced and in said mixing lies the essential features of the present improvement, as the greater the quantity of flux employed relative to the quantity of color, the lower .the degree of temperature required for fusing. By taking advantage of this property I am able to fix by fusion the successive colors successively on the glass whereby the colors are prevented from running into one another to the injury or destruction of the design.

That color film 3, which, after the three color design is transferred to the glass, lies next to the glass contains the highest percentage of flux so that when the glass object is heated to fix the design, that color nearest the glass will first fuse and fix itself upon the glass. Then the next color, 52, will be mixed with a lower percentage of fiux so that it will fuse after the first color, 3, has fused and fixed itself to the glass and the third or last color, 1, will be mixed with a still lower percentage of flux or none at all so that it will fuse last, after the first and second colors have successively fused and successively fixed themselves to the glass. It

.will also be obvious, that for transference from the decalcomania paper 4, that color which is to appear uppermost in the design 7 on the glass will be the first one printed on the paper and will have the lowest percentage of flux, alsothat the color which is to be the bottom color of the design on the glass will be the last one printed on the decalcomania paper and will be mixed with the highest percentage of flux.

Preferably that color which is first printed on the paper will be prepared to have a fusing point about 100 degrees centigrade "less than that of the particular glass to which the design is to be applied, and the next color will be prepared to have a fusing point somewhat lower than the fusing point of the first color, say about 50 degrees less by preference. Then the third color to be printed on the paper, over the other two colors, will be prepared with a fusing point about 50 degrees lower than the fusing point of the middle color. Ifmore thanthree colors are used the difference in fusing temperatures may be less than 50 degrees so as not to have an excessive difierence between the lowest and highest.

That part of the surface of the glass obessence ject to which the design or lettering is to be applied is then preferably coated with a fixing agent 6 preferably the size previously described, but for this use, the size is preferably heated only sufficiently to dissolve the sugar oflead.

The decalcomania paper 4, bearing the three color design is thenapplied to the sized surface of the glass object 7, and the design transferred thereto in the usual manner and the paper removed therefrom. Any portion of the gum 5, from the decalcomania paper may be washed ofi with water from the design on the glass 7, and the glass object allowed to dry. It is then placed in a leer at a low initial temperature and gradually advanced through the leer to a maximum degree of heat requisite only to produce fusion of that color having the highest fusing point.

In passing through the leer the fusing point of that color lying next to the glass is first reached, whereupon that color melts and fixes itself to the glass without disturbing the other two colors. The first color being therefore firmly attached to the glass by fusion, the increasing heat of the leer melts the second color which thereupon fixes itself onto the first color, already fixed on the glass. The further heat of the leer then fuses the third color, without approaching nearer than about 100 degrees to the fusing point of the glass and which color thereupon fixes itself to that middle color just below it. The glass object is then advanced through lower and lower temperatures to nearly atmospheric temperature. Upon withdrawal from the leer the design will be found to'be irremovably fixed upon the glass object without any running or mixing of the colors or any distortion of the glass object, or without any blistering or clouding of the design.

Tnv fixing designs or lettering uponbottles or other containers, and sometimes in other cases, it is often desirable to provide a ground for the more distinct relief of a design or lettering and in the same color. In this case l mix the ground color with a proper amount of flux to give that color a melting point some 50 degrees less than that of the superposeddesign or lettering in the same. color upon it. Also I may add a third printing of the same color but with a still higher melting point so as to build up raised design all in onecolor.

I claim: 7

l. The process of fixing designs and the like upon glass objects comprising forming said designs in mineral colors fusible respectively at predetermined successive degrees of heat the highest of which is substantially lower than that necessary to initiate the fusion of the glass object and then fixing said designs by firing.

2. The process of fixing designs and the like upon glass objects, consisting in applying to the surface of the glass two or more superposed color films of mineral coloring matter, the material of said films respectively having been previously so compounded as to fuse at temperatures successively increasing-from the film nearest the glass to that film most remote from the glass, said film most remote from the glass having a melting point lower than the initial fusing point of the glass and then fixing said color films by firing.

3. The process of fixing designs and the like upon glass objects comprisin forming said designs into mineral colors sible respectively at predetermined successive de- 1 grees of heat, the highest of which is substantially lower than that necessary to initiate the fusion of the glass object; then applying to the glass object a fixing agent, nonsoluble in water, the combustible ingredients of which are eliminable by heat of a degree substantially lower than the degree of heat requisite to initiate fusing of the mineral color; then applying the colors upon the fixing agent on the glass object, and finally exposing the glass object to a low degree of heat and gradually increasing such heat to a degree sufiicient to produce fusion of the colors and then gradually reducing theheat to a degree approximating atmospheric temperature.

4. The process of fixing designs and the like, upon glass objects, comprising mixing glass colors with a soft flux to make the color matter fusible respectively at successive predetermined degrees of heat substantially lower than the degree of heat requisite to initiate fusing of the glass object to be treated; printing the design, lettering, or the like, upon decalcomania paper in a fixing agent made of spirits of turpentine approximating 108 parts, balsam of fir approximating 50 parts,'sugar of lead approximating 3 parts, and soft flux approximating 1 part, heated until reduced to a syrupy consistency; applying the colors to such fixing agent printed on the decalcomania paper; coating the glass object with a fixing agent of the same ingredients, but heated only sufiiclently to dissolve the sugar of lead therein; transferring the colors of the design from the decalcomania paper to the coated portion of the glass object, and

fusing point of the glass,

1 glass object.

subjecting the glass object to a low heat, and gradually increasing such heat to a degree sufiicient to produce fusing of the colors, and then gradually reducing such heat to a degree of heat approximating the atmospheric temperature. v

'5. The process of fixing designs and the like upon glass objects, consisting in applying to the surface of the glass two or more superposed color fihns of mineral matter, the material of said fihns, respectively, having been previously so compounded as to fuse at temperatures successively increasing from the film nearest the glass to that film most remote from'the glass, said film most remote from the glass having a melting point lower than the initial then slowly heating the glass object to a temperature sufficient to fuse that film of coloring matter having the highest melting point, and then so compounded as to fuse respectively atvarying temperatures the melting point of that film having the highest fusing point being most remote from the glass and then Y fixing said color films by firing.

7. Those steps in the process of fixing'de signs and the like upon glass, objects comprising forming said designs in more than one mineral color fusible respectively at predetermined difi'erent degrees of heat, the highest of which is substantialliy lower than that necessary to initiate the nsion of the 8. Those steps in the process of fixing designs andthe like upon glass objects comprising forming said designs in more than one color fusible respectively at predetermined diflerent degrees of heat substantially lower than that necessary to initiate the fusion of the glass objec Signed at New York, N. Y., this 12th day of August, 1916, before two subscribing witnesses.

KALMAN WARGA. Witnesses:

STANLEY W. ,COOK, CORNELIUS MUsE, Jr. 

